Advance Organizer: an overview of a text or story
Auditory Modality: learning through participation in discussions, "thinking out loud" and listening to what is said
Bottom-up Processing: recognizing or understanding individual vocabulary words
CD-ROM: compact disk-read only memory
Dual Coding Theory: dynamic associative processes that operate on a rich network of modality-specific verbal and nonverbal (or imagery) representations
DVD: digital video disk or device
French Immersion: programs and courses designed for English-speaking students in which French is the language of instruction and as much as possible, the means of communication in school. Early French Immersion extends from Kindergarten to Level III, beginning at the Kindergarten level with approximately 100 percent of instruction in French. With the introduction of English Language Arts at Grade 3 and other subjects in English, the percentage of instructional time in French decreases through the years of schooling
Generative Theory: learners actively select, organise and integrate verbal and visual information
Gloss: Annotation: a short definition or explanation of a word
Grade 4: children who are in their fifth year of schooling and normally nine years old
Interactive Theory: entails a top-down and bottom-up approach
Kinesthetic Modality: learning through large body movement and physical activity using large muscle groups
Language Learning Styles: general approaches that students use in acquiring a new languageî consisting of four dimensions, global/analytic, auditory, visual and hands-on, intuitive-random/ sensory-sequential, and closure-oriented/open
Multimedia: refers to information in different formats: text, still images, sound, music, video and animation
No Preference (NP) Modality: similar scores in all areas
PLS Student Learning Styles Inventory: a quick and easy method for gathering a large amount of information, (specifically sensory-motor modalities for this study) about each student and his or her approach to learning and school
Propositional Units: idea units or information units contained in a text
QuickTime Software: architecture for creating and viewing digital media for Mac and Windows operating systems
Recall Protocol: a written summary
Referential Processing: learning is better when information is referentially processed therough two channels than when the information is processed through only one channel
Sensory Modalities: (also referred to as sensory-motor modalities and/or perceptual channels) categorized as auditory, visual, kinesthetic or tactual modes/channels of learning
Style Flex Strategies: adaptive, different teaching/learning strategies to accommodate individual learning styles
Tactual Modality: learning through body sensation, small motor muscle movement and the emotions
Top-down Processing: comprehension skill, understanding schema and propositions
Visual Modality: information taken in by watching, reading and
viewing pictures, videotapes and movies